The two main techniques for combining solid oxide fuel cells are screen printing and tape casting. Descriptions of these are given below along with their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Screen Printing
Screen printing
Tape Casting
The materials to be cast are mixed with binders and solvents to make a thick slurry. This slurry is then coated onto a moving substrate under a small gap which controls the amount of material deposited onto the substrate. This wet tape is then dried to remove the solvent, leaving a thin (10-100 um) flexible sheet that can be cut and shaped, with the possibility of adding further tape casting or screen printed layers. The final sheet is then heated to burn out the binder and then fired at high temperatures to sinter the materials to form a rigid device.